Publications

2025

Journal
Realistic fundus photograph generation for improving automated disease classification
Prashant U. Pandey, Jonathan A. Micieli, Stephan Ong Tone, Kenneth T. Eng, Peter J. Kertes, Jovi C. Y. Wong
British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 109 (7), pp. 791–798, 2025
Diffusion models generated retinal photographs realistic enough that ophthalmologists told real from synthetic only 61% of the time; adding them to training improved a disease classifier’s accuracy by 5.8%.
DOI PDF
```
@article{pandey2025realistic,
  title     = {Realistic fundus photograph generation for improving automated disease classification},
  author    = {Prashant U. Pandey and Jonathan A. Micieli and Stephan Ong Tone and Kenneth T. Eng and Peter J. Kertes and Jovi C. Y. Wong},
  journal   = {British Journal of Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {109},
  number    = {7},
  pages     = {791--798},
  year      = {2025},
  doi       = {10.1136/bjo-2024-326122}
}
```

2024

AbstractPodium

Evaluating feasibility of ultrasound-guided insertion of iliosacral screws for pelvic fracture fixation

Pierre Guy, Prashant Pandey, Emily K. Bliven, Kelly A. Lefaivre, Antony Hodgson

Orthopaedic Trauma Association Annual Meeting (OTA 2024), Basic Science Focus Forum, 2024

Podium presentation of the cadaver comparison between ultrasound-guided navigation (NOFUSS) and fluoroscopy for iliosacral screw insertion.

PDF

@inproceedings{guy2024ota,
  title     = {Evaluating feasibility of ultrasound-guided insertion of iliosacral screws for pelvic fracture fixation},
  author    = {Pierre Guy and Prashant Pandey and Emily K. Bliven and Kelly A. Lefaivre and Antony Hodgson},
  booktitle = {Orthopaedic Trauma Association Annual Meeting (OTA 2024), Basic Science Focus Forum},
  year      = {2024},
  url       = {https://ota.org/education/meetings-and-courses/abstracts/evaluating-feasibility-ultrasound-guided-insertion}
}

Journal
An integrated system using ultrasound-based registration for surgical navigation of iliosacral screw insertions
Prashant U. Pandey, Pierre Guy, Emily K. Bliven, Kelly A. Lefaivre, Antony J. Hodgson
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 71 (12), pp. 3482–3493, 2024
NOFUSS, a radiation-free navigation system combining tracked ultrasound and bone registration, matched fluoroscopic screw-placement accuracy in eight cadavers while cutting median insertion time from 12.6 to 7.6 minutes per screw.
DOI
```
@article{pandey2024integrated,
  title     = {An integrated system using ultrasound-based registration for surgical navigation of iliosacral screw insertions},
  author    = {Prashant U. Pandey and Pierre Guy and Emily K. Bliven and Kelly A. Lefaivre and Antony J. Hodgson},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
  volume    = {71},
  number    = {12},
  pages     = {3482--3493},
  year      = {2024},
  doi       = {10.1109/TBME.2024.3428340}
}
```
Conference
NOFUSS: Navigated Orthopaedic Fixation using Ultrasound System
Prashant U. Pandey, Emily K. Bliven, Pierre Guy, Kelly A. Lefaivre, Antony J. Hodgson
22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2023), EPiC Series in Health Sciences, vol. 6, pp. 70–74, 2024
First end-to-end description and cadaver evaluation of the NOFUSS ultrasound-based navigation system for pelvic fracture fixation.
DOI PDF
```
@inproceedings{pandey2024nofuss,
  title     = {NOFUSS: Navigated Orthopaedic Fixation using Ultrasound System},
  author    = {Prashant U. Pandey and Emily K. Bliven and Pierre Guy and Kelly A. Lefaivre and Antony J. Hodgson},
  booktitle = {22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2023)},
  volume    = {6},
  pages     = {70--74},
  year      = {2024},
  doi       = {10.29007/mtgn}
}
```
Journal
Ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks is more accurate and reliable than board-certified ophthalmologists at detecting multiple diseases in retinal fundus photographs
Prashant U. Pandey, Brian G. Ballios, Panos G. Christakis, Alexander J. Kaplan, David J. Mathew, Stephan Ong Tone, Michael J. Wan, Jonathan A. Micieli, Jovi C. Y. Wong
British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 108 (3), pp. 417–423, 2024
An ensemble of five CNNs trained on 43,055 public fundus images classified diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, AMD and normal eyes more accurately than seven board-certified ophthalmologists (79.2% vs 72.7%).
DOI PDF
```
@article{pandey2024ensemble,
  title     = {Ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks is more accurate and reliable than board-certified ophthalmologists at detecting multiple diseases in retinal fundus photographs},
  author    = {Prashant U. Pandey and Brian G. Ballios and Panos G. Christakis and Alexander J. Kaplan and David J. Mathew and Stephan Ong Tone and Michael J. Wan and Jonathan A. Micieli and Jovi C. Y. Wong},
  journal   = {British Journal of Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {108},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {417--423},
  year      = {2024},
  doi       = {10.1136/bjo-2022-322183}
}
```

2023

ThesisPhD thesis
An integrated system for ultrasound-based surgical navigation of iliosacral screws
Prashant Pandey
University of British Columbia, 2023
Builds and cadaver-tests NOFUSS: a multi-institution ultrasound bone dataset and benchmark, uncertainty-aware deep segmentation, validated targeting displays, and fluoroscopy-level screw accuracy with no radiation.
DOI Publisher
```
@phdthesis{pandey2023phd,
  title     = {An integrated system for ultrasound-based surgical navigation of iliosacral screws},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey},
  school    = {University of British Columbia},
  year      = {2023},
  doi       = {10.14288/1.0435523}
}
```
Journal
What are the optimal targeting visualizations for performing surgical navigation of iliosacral screws? A user study
Prashant U. Pandey, Pierre Guy, Kelly A. Lefaivre, Antony J. Hodgson
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, vol. 143 (2), pp. 677–690, 2023
A 21-participant user study showing that 2D 'bullseye' displays let surgeons and novices align instruments to iliosacral screw trajectories with sub-millimetre accuracy, and fastest.
DOI
```
@article{pandey2023optimal,
  title     = {What are the optimal targeting visualizations for performing surgical navigation of iliosacral screws? A user study},
  author    = {Prashant U. Pandey and Pierre Guy and Kelly A. Lefaivre and Antony J. Hodgson},
  journal   = {Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery},
  volume    = {143},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {677--690},
  year      = {2023},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00402-021-04120-7}
}
```

2022

Conference

Standardized evaluation of current ultrasound bone segmentation algorithms on multiple datasets

Prashant Pandey, Benjamin Hohlmann, Peter Brößner, Ilker Hacihaliloglu, Keiran Barr, Tamas Ungi, Oliver Zettinig, Raphael Prevost, Guillaume Dardenne, Zian Fanti, Wolfgang Wein, Eric Stindel, Fernando Arambula Cosio, Pierre Guy, Gabor Fichtinger, Klaus Radermacher, Antony J. Hodgson

20th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2022), EPiC Series in Health Sciences, vol. 5, pp. 148–153, 2022

Benchmarks six published bone segmentation algorithms on a curated multi-institution ultrasound dataset (released as BonUS) using consistent metrics.

DOI PDF Data

@inproceedings{pandey2022standardized,
  title     = {Standardized evaluation of current ultrasound bone segmentation algorithms on multiple datasets},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey and Benjamin Hohlmann and Peter Brößner and Ilker Hacihaliloglu and Keiran Barr and Tamas Ungi and Oliver Zettinig and Raphael Prevost and Guillaume Dardenne and Zian Fanti and Wolfgang Wein and Eric Stindel and Fernando Arambula Cosio and Pierre Guy and Gabor Fichtinger and Klaus Radermacher and Antony J. Hodgson},
  booktitle = {20th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2022)},
  volume    = {5},
  pages     = {148--153},
  year      = {2022},
  doi       = {10.29007/q51n}
}

Journal
Insights from teaching artificial intelligence to medical students in Canada
Ricky Hu, Kevin Y. Fan, Prashant Pandey, Zoe Hu, Olivia Yau, Minnie Teng, Patrick Wang, Toni Li, Mishal Ashraf, Rohit Singla
Communications Medicine, vol. 2, 63, 2022
Lessons from designing and teaching an AI curriculum to Canadian medical students (the UBC/Queen’s AI in Medicine workshops), with recommendations for medical AI education.
DOI PDF Code
```
@article{hu2022insights,
  title     = {Insights from teaching artificial intelligence to medical students in Canada},
  author    = {Ricky Hu and Kevin Y. Fan and Prashant Pandey and Zoe Hu and Olivia Yau and Minnie Teng and Patrick Wang and Toni Li and Mishal Ashraf and Rohit Singla},
  journal   = {Communications Medicine},
  volume    = {2},
  pages     = {63},
  year      = {2022},
  doi       = {10.1038/s43856-022-00125-4}
}
```
JournalIPCAI 2022
Can uncertainty estimation predict segmentation performance in ultrasound bone imaging?
Prashant U. Pandey, Pierre Guy, Antony J. Hodgson
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, vol. 17 (5), pp. 825–832, 2022
Across 13,687 ultrasound images, deep ensembles trained with cross-entropy loss gave the best and best-calibrated bone segmentation, but uncertainty estimates did not reliably predict segmentation quality.
DOI
```
@article{pandey2022uncertainty,
  title     = {Can uncertainty estimation predict segmentation performance in ultrasound bone imaging?},
  author    = {Prashant U. Pandey and Pierre Guy and Antony J. Hodgson},
  journal   = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery},
  volume    = {17},
  number    = {5},
  pages     = {825--832},
  year      = {2022},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11548-022-02597-0}
}
```

2020

Journal

Novel techniques for intraoperative parathyroid gland identification: a comprehensive review

Amanda Wong, Jovi C. Y. Wong, Prashant U. Pandey, Sam M. Wiseman

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 15 (6), pp. 439–457, 2020

Reviews dye- and fluorescence-based techniques for locating parathyroid glands during neck surgery, identifying near-infrared methods as the most promising.

DOI

@article{wong2020parathyroid,
  title     = {Novel techniques for intraoperative parathyroid gland identification: a comprehensive review},
  author    = {Amanda Wong and Jovi C. Y. Wong and Prashant U. Pandey and Sam M. Wiseman},
  journal   = {Expert Review of Endocrinology \& Metabolism},
  volume    = {15},
  number    = {6},
  pages     = {439--457},
  year      = {2020},
  doi       = {10.1080/17446651.2020.1831913}
}

Workshop

Optimal targeting visualizations for surgical navigation of iliosacral screws

Prashant U. Pandey, Pierre Guy, Kelly A. Lefaivre, Antony J. Hodgson

Clinical Image-Based Procedures (CLIP 2020), MICCAI 2020 Workshops, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 12445, pp. 3–12, 2020

Compares 2D and 3D navigation displays for aligning surgical tools to iliosacral screw trajectories.

DOI

@inproceedings{pandey2020clip,
  title     = {Optimal targeting visualizations for surgical navigation of iliosacral screws},
  author    = {Prashant U. Pandey and Pierre Guy and Kelly A. Lefaivre and Antony J. Hodgson},
  booktitle = {Clinical Image-Based Procedures (CLIP 2020), MICCAI 2020 Workshops, Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  publisher = {Springer},
  volume    = {12445},
  pages     = {3--12},
  year      = {2020},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-60946-7_1}
}

Conference

Optimal targeting display for navigated pelvic screw insertions

Prashant Pandey, Pierre Guy, Kelly Lefaivre, Antony J. Hodgson

20th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2020), EPiC Series in Health Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 220–224, 2020

DOI PDF

@inproceedings{pandey2020caos,
  title     = {Optimal targeting display for navigated pelvic screw insertions},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey and Pierre Guy and Kelly Lefaivre and Antony J. Hodgson},
  booktitle = {20th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2020)},
  volume    = {4},
  pages     = {220--224},
  year      = {2020},
  doi       = {10.29007/srn7}
}

Abstract

Robust classification of eye disease from fundus images using deep learning on multiple public datasets

Jovi C. Y. Wong, Prashant U. Pandey

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (ARVO 2020 Annual Meeting), vol. 61 (7), 2014, 2020

@inproceedings{wong2020arvo,
  title     = {Robust classification of eye disease from fundus images using deep learning on multiple public datasets},
  author    = {Jovi C. Y. Wong and Prashant U. Pandey},
  booktitle = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science (ARVO 2020 Annual Meeting)},
  volume    = {61},
  number    = {7},
  pages     = {2014},
  year      = {2020},
  url       = {https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2769706}
}

Journal

Ultrasound bone segmentation: a scoping review of techniques and validation practices

Prashant U. Pandey, Niamul Quader, Pierre Guy, Rafeef Garbi, Antony J. Hodgson

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, vol. 46 (4), pp. 921–935, 2020

Reviews 56 studies of ultrasound bone segmentation, categorizing the techniques used and highlighting inconsistent validation practices across the field.

DOI

@article{pandey2020review,
  title     = {Ultrasound bone segmentation: a scoping review of techniques and validation practices},
  author    = {Prashant U. Pandey and Niamul Quader and Pierre Guy and Rafeef Garbi and Antony J. Hodgson},
  journal   = {Ultrasound in Medicine \& Biology},
  volume    = {46},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {921--935},
  year      = {2020},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.12.014}
}

2019

Conference
Shadow Peak: accurate real-time bone segmentation for ultrasound and developmental dysplasia of the hip
Prashant Pandey, Niamul Quader, Kishore Mulpuri, Pierre Guy, Rafeef Garbi, Antony J. Hodgson
19th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2019), EPiC Series in Health Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 301–305, 2019
The Shadow Peak method segmented bone in paediatric hip ultrasound about 15× faster and more accurately than the phase-based method used for hip dysplasia assessment.
DOI PDF Code
```
@inproceedings{pandey2019shadowpeak,
  title     = {Shadow Peak: accurate real-time bone segmentation for ultrasound and developmental dysplasia of the hip},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey and Niamul Quader and Kishore Mulpuri and Pierre Guy and Rafeef Garbi and Antony J. Hodgson},
  booktitle = {19th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2019)},
  volume    = {3},
  pages     = {301--305},
  year      = {2019},
  doi       = {10.29007/w172}
}
```

Conference

Preliminary planning for a multi-institutional database for ultrasound bone segmentation

Prashant Pandey, Hridayi Patel, Pierre Guy, Ilker Hacihaliloglu, Antony J. Hodgson

19th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2019), EPiC Series in Health Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 297–300, 2019

Proposes a multi-centre, open ultrasound bone-segmentation database with standard evaluation metrics.

DOI PDF

@inproceedings{pandey2019database,
  title     = {Preliminary planning for a multi-institutional database for ultrasound bone segmentation},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey and Hridayi Patel and Pierre Guy and Ilker Hacihaliloglu and Antony J. Hodgson},
  booktitle = {19th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2019)},
  volume    = {3},
  pages     = {297--300},
  year      = {2019},
  doi       = {10.29007/m1ll}
}

Abstract

Automated structure-function analysis of OCT and microperimetry data using intensity-based image registration

Jovi C. Y. Wong, Prashant U. Pandey, Mary Lou Jackson, Claire A. Sheldon

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (ARVO 2019 Annual Meeting), vol. 60 (9), 168, 2019

@inproceedings{wong2019arvo,
  title     = {Automated structure-function analysis of OCT and microperimetry data using intensity-based image registration},
  author    = {Jovi C. Y. Wong and Prashant U. Pandey and Mary Lou Jackson and Claire A. Sheldon},
  booktitle = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science (ARVO 2019 Annual Meeting)},
  volume    = {60},
  number    = {9},
  pages     = {168},
  year      = {2019},
  url       = {https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2746185}
}

2018

ThesisMASc thesis

Real-time ultrasound bone segmentation and robust US-CT registration for surgical navigation of pelvic fractures

Prashant Pandey

University of British Columbia, 2018

DOI Code Publisher

@mastersthesis{pandey2018masc,
  title     = {Real-time ultrasound bone segmentation and robust US-CT registration for surgical navigation of pelvic fractures},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey},
  school    = {University of British Columbia},
  year      = {2018},
  doi       = {10.14288/1.0375839}
}

Journal

Augmented reality visualisation for orthopaedic surgical guidance with pre- and intra-operative multimodal image data fusion

Houssam El-Hariri, Prashant Pandey, Antony J. Hodgson, Rafeef Garbi

Healthcare Technology Letters, vol. 5 (5), pp. 189–193, 2018

Registers tracked-ultrasound bone surfaces to pre-operative CT and overlays the fused surgical scene on a HoloLens headset, demonstrated on a pelvis phantom.

DOI PDF

@article{elhariri2018augmented,
  title     = {Augmented reality visualisation for orthopaedic surgical guidance with pre- and intra-operative multimodal image data fusion},
  author    = {Houssam El-Hariri and Prashant Pandey and Antony J. Hodgson and Rafeef Garbi},
  journal   = {Healthcare Technology Letters},
  volume    = {5},
  number    = {5},
  pages     = {189--193},
  year      = {2018},
  doi       = {10.1049/htl.2018.5061}
}

Journal
Fast and automatic bone segmentation and registration of 3D ultrasound to CT for the full pelvic anatomy: a comparative study
Prashant Pandey, Pierre Guy, Antony J. Hodgson, Rafeef Abugharbieh
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, vol. 13 (10), pp. 1515–1524, 2018
Shadow Peak segmentation with a distance-map registration aligned tracked 3D ultrasound to CT across the whole pelvis in every trial, with a median target registration error of 2.44 mm.
DOI Code
```
@article{pandey2018fast,
  title     = {Fast and automatic bone segmentation and registration of 3D ultrasound to CT for the full pelvic anatomy: a comparative study},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey and Pierre Guy and Antony J. Hodgson and Rafeef Abugharbieh},
  journal   = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery},
  volume    = {13},
  number    = {10},
  pages     = {1515--1524},
  year      = {2018},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11548-018-1788-5}
}
```

Abstract

Automatic techniques for registering tracked ultrasound to CT volume sets: a comparative study on a full pelvic phantom

Prashant Pandey, Pierre Guy, Antony J. Hodgson, Rafeef Abugharbieh

Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS 2018), International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, Supplement 1, vol. 13, 2018

@inproceedings{pandey2018cars,
  title     = {Automatic techniques for registering tracked ultrasound to CT volume sets: a comparative study on a full pelvic phantom},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey and Pierre Guy and Antony J. Hodgson and Rafeef Abugharbieh},
  booktitle = {Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS 2018), International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, Supplement 1},
  volume    = {13},
  year      = {2018},
  url       = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11548-018-1766-y}
}

2017

Conference
Trackerless 3D ultrasound stitching for computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery and pelvic fractures
Prashant Pandey, Rafeef Abugharbieh, Antony J. Hodgson
17th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2017), EPiC Series in Health Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 318–321, 2017
Stitches overlapping 3D ultrasound volumes without an external tracker, using 3D SIFT features, to widen the field of view for pelvic fracture surgery.
DOI PDF
```
@inproceedings{pandey2017stitching,
  title     = {Trackerless 3D ultrasound stitching for computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery and pelvic fractures},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey and Rafeef Abugharbieh and Antony J. Hodgson},
  booktitle = {17th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2017)},
  volume    = {1},
  pages     = {318--321},
  year      = {2017},
  doi       = {10.29007/3wlw}
}
```

2016

ThesisMEng thesis
Injectable bubbles for physiological pressure measurement
Prashant Pandey
University of Oxford, 2016
Models and tests in vitro whether the nonlinear ultrasound response of microbubble contrast agents can detect small pressure changes, toward non-invasive blood-pressure measurement.
DOI PDF Publisher
```
@mastersthesis{pandey2016meng,
  title     = {Injectable bubbles for physiological pressure measurement},
  author    = {Prashant Pandey},
  school    = {University of Oxford},
  year      = {2016},
  doi       = {10.48550/arXiv.2211.12344}
}
```